Fundamental Minerals

Sialic Minerals

• Feldspars
Feldspars minerals
Alkali Feldspars
Plagioclase

• Feldspathoids
Feldspathoids
Cancrinite
Haüyne
Leucite
Nepheline
Sodalite

• Quartz

Femic Minerals

• Amphiboles
• Biotite
• Sagenitic biotite
• Kaersutite
• Olivine
• Pyroxenes
Structure/classification
Clinopyroxene

• Spodumene

Accessory Minerals

• Apatite
• Chromite
• Ilmenite
• Magnetite
• Zircon

Rare Accessory

• Allanite
• Andalusite
• Astrophyllite
• Beryl
• Calcite
• Cancrinite
• Catapleiite
• Cordierite
• Diaspore
• Eudialyte
• Fluorite
• Garnets
• Lazulite
• Lamprophyllite
• Lorenzenite
• Monticellite
• Muscovite
• Natrolite
• Naujakasite
• Niocalite
• Perovskite
• Polylithionite
• Rosenbuschite
• Rutile
• Scapolite
• Sørensenite
• Titanite
• Topaz
• Tourmaline
• Tugtupite
• Ussingite
• Wollastonite
• Xenotime
• Zinnwaldite

Alteration Products

• Chlorite
• Saussurite
• Sericite
• Uralite
• Wairakite

Microstructures

• Antiperthite
• Exsolution lamellae
• Graphic texture
• Granophyric texture
• Magmatic flow
• Myrmekite
• Pleochroic halo
• Poikilitic texture
• Perthite
• Pseudoleucite
• Zoning

Rocks

• Alkali feldspar granite
• Alkali feldspar syenite
• Alnö complex
Alnö complex
Alnöite
Sövite

• Anorthosite
• Brandberg granites
• Borolanite
• Carbonatites
Carbonatites
Alnö (Sweden)
Fogo (C. Verde)
Sao Vicente (C. Verde)
Oka (Canada)
Sokli (Finland)
Valentine (Canada)

• Cumberlandite
• Cumulate rocks
Cumulate
Adcumulate
Orthocumulate

• Diorite
• Dunite (Dun)
• Ekerite
• Eurite
• Finero harzburgite
• Foidolite (leucite)
• Foidolite (nepheline)
• Foidolite (haüyne)
• Foyaite
• Gabbro
• Gabbro "eufodite"
• Gabbro with augite
• Gabbronorite
• Granite
• Granophyre
• Greisen
• Hornblendite
• Hornblendite (cpx-hbl)
• Hornblende gabbro
• Hornblende gabbro (Adamello)
• Ijolite
• Ijolite (Magnet Cove)
• Ilimaussaq magmatic complex
Ilimaussaq
Black kakortokite
Red kakortokite
White kakortokite
Lujavrite
Naujakasite lujavrite
Naujaite
Tugtupite syenite

• Jacupiranga complex
Jacupiranga
Sövite

• Jacupirangite (Alnö)
• Jotunite
• Italite
• Kakortokite
• Kaxtorpite
• Kentallenite
• Lakarpite
• Larvik
Larvik complex
Ekerite
Larvikite

• Lherzolite (TL)
• Leucogranite
• Lujavrite
• Lugarite
• Luxullianite
• Melilitolite
• Melilitolite (wollastonite)
• Melteigite
• Monzonite
• Monzodiorite
• Naujaite
• Nepheline syenite
• Norra Kärr complex
Norra Kärr
Kaxtorpite
Lakarpite
Pulaskite

• Norite
• Olivine hornblendite
• Oka complex
Oka complex
Niocalite carbonatite
Monticellite carbonatite

• Olivine gabbro
• Orthopyroxenite
• Pegmatite
• Pegmatite (cancrinite)
• Pegmatite (nepheline)
• Peralkaline granite
• Peridotites
Peridotites
Dunite
Wherlite
Harzburgite
Garnet lherzolite
Spinel lherzolite

• Pyroxenite
• Pulaskite
• Quartz-gabbro
• Rhum layerded complex
• Serpentinized lherzolite
• Syenite
• Synnyrite
• Syenogranite
• Sodalite syenite
• Tonalite
• Troctolite
• Urtite

Wehrlite

Named after Alois Wehrle , a wehrlite is an ultrabasic igneous rock dominated by essential olivine and clinopyroxene with or without small amounts of orthopyroxene. Accessory minerals include plagioclase, spinel, garnet, ilmenite, chromite and magnetite. Wehrlites are a peridotites and a minor component of the upper mantle where they form due to crystallisation of partial melts. Wehrlite occurs as mantle xenoliths within mantle-derived magmas and within the upper portions of the mantle sequence of ophiolites. It can occur in both xenoliths and ophiolites as veins and dykes. Wehrlite can also form as cumulates within layered intrusions associated with gabbro and norite.

Wherlite with pyrope (red) and Cr-diopside (green). Åheim, Norway. From Sand Atlas.

Wherlite with pyrope (red) and Cr-diopside (green). Åheim, Norway. From Sand Atlas.

Bibliography

• Cox et al. (1979): The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks, George Allen and Unwin, London.
• Howie, R. A., Zussman, J., & Deer, W. (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals (p. 696). Longman.
• Le Maitre, R. W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., Le Bas, M. J., Bonin, B., Bateman, P., & Lameyre, J. (2002). Igneous rocks. A classification and glossary of terms, 2. Cambridge University Press.
• Middlemost, E. A. (1986). Magmas and magmatic rocks: an introduction to igneous petrology.
• Shelley, D. (1993). Igneous and metamorphic rocks under the microscope: classification, textures, microstructures and mineral preferred-orientations.
• Vernon, R. H. & Clarke, G. L. (2008): Principles of Metamorphic Petrology. Cambridge University Press.

Photo

Olivine and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. XPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Olivine, brown spinel and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. PPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Olivine, brown spinel (isotropic) and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. XPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Olivine, brown spinel and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. PPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Olivine, brown spinel (isotropic) and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. XPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Olivine, brown spinel and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Olivine, brown spinel (isotropic) and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. XPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Olivine and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. PPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Olivine and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. PPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Olivine and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. XPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Olivine and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. XPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Olivine and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. XPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Olivine and pyroxene crystals in a wherlite. XPL image, 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Olivine and brown spinel crystals in a wherlite. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Olivine and brown spinel crystals in a wherlite. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Olivine and brown spinel crystals in a wherlite. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Olivine and brown spinel crystals in a wherlite. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Olivine and brown spinel (isotropic) crystals in a wherlite. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Olivine and pyroxene with exolution lamellae. XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Olivine and pyroxene with exolution lamellae. XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Olivine and pyroxene (gray) in a wherlite. XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Olivine and pyroxene (gray) in a wherlite. XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Olivine and pyroxene (gray) in a wherlite. XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Olivine and pyroxene with exolution lamellae. XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Olivine and pyroxene (gray) in a wherlite. XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Olivine and pyroxene (gray) in a wherlite. XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Poikilitic augite (blue birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite (blue birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (blue birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions (colorless and highly fractured). Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (blue-violet birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions (colorless and highly fractured). Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions (beige, pale green due to alterartion). Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions (beige, pale green due to alterartion). Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (blue birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite (blue-violet birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions (colorless and highly fractured). Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite (blue-violet birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions (beige, pale green due to alterartion). Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (blue-violet birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions (beige, pale green due to alterartion). Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (blue-violet birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)	Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 1x (Field of view = 9mm)
Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Poikilitic augite (blu-violet birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Poikilitic augite (gray birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Poikilitic augite (yellow birefringence) with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusions. Wherlite from Cyprus. PPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Poikilitic augite with rounded serpentinized olivine inclusion. Wherlite from Cyprus. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)