Fundamental Minerals

Sialic Minerals

• Feldspars
Feldspars minerals
Alkali Feldspars
Plagioclase

• Feldspathoids
Feldspathoids
Cancrinite
Haüyne
Leucite
Nepheline
Sodalite

• Quartz

Femic Minerals

• Amphiboles
• Biotite
• Sagenitic biotite
• Kaersutite
• Olivine
• Pyroxenes
Structure/classification
Clinopyroxene

• Spodumene

Accessory Minerals

• Apatite
• Chromite
• Ilmenite
• Magnetite
• Zircon

Rare Accessory

• Allanite
• Andalusite
• Astrophyllite
• Beryl
• Calcite
• Cancrinite
• Catapleiite
• Cordierite
• Diaspore
• Eudialyte
• Fluorite
• Garnets
• Lazulite
• Lamprophyllite
• Lorenzenite
• Monticellite
• Muscovite
• Natrolite
• Naujakasite
• Niocalite
• Perovskite
• Polylithionite
• Rosenbuschite
• Rutile
• Scapolite
• Sørensenite
• Titanite
• Topaz
• Tourmaline
• Tugtupite
• Ussingite
• Wollastonite
• Xenotime
• Zinnwaldite

Alteration Products

• Chlorite
• Saussurite
• Sericite
• Uralite
• Wairakite

Microstructures

• Antiperthite
• Exsolution lamellae
• Graphic texture
• Granophyric texture
• Magmatic flow
• Myrmekite
• Pleochroic halo
• Poikilitic texture
• Perthite
• Pseudoleucite
• Zoning

Rocks

• Alkali feldspar granite
• Alkali feldspar syenite
• Alnö complex
Alnö complex
Alnöite
Sövite

• Anorthosite
• Brandberg granites
• Borolanite
• Carbonatites
Carbonatites
Alnö (Sweden)
Fogo (C. Verde)
Sao Vicente (C. Verde)
Oka (Canada)
Sokli (Finland)
Valentine (Canada)

• Cumberlandite
• Cumulate rocks
Cumulate
Adcumulate
Orthocumulate

• Diorite
• Dunite (Dun)
• Ekerite
• Eurite
• Finero harzburgite
• Foidolite (leucite)
• Foidolite (nepheline)
• Foidolite (haüyne)
• Foyaite
• Gabbro
• Gabbro "eufodite"
• Gabbro with augite
• Gabbronorite
• Granite
• Granophyre
• Greisen
• Hornblendite
• Hornblendite (cpx-hbl)
• Hornblende gabbro
• Hornblende gabbro (Adamello)
• Ijolite
• Ijolite (Magnet Cove)
• Ilimaussaq magmatic complex
Ilimaussaq
Black kakortokite
Red kakortokite
White kakortokite
Lujavrite
Naujakasite lujavrite
Naujaite
Tugtupite syenite

• Jacupiranga complex
Jacupiranga
Sövite

• Jacupirangite (Alnö)
• Jotunite
• Italite
• Kakortokite
• Kaxtorpite
• Kentallenite
• Lakarpite
• Larvik
Larvik complex
Ekerite
Larvikite

• Lherzolite (TL)
• Leucogranite
• Lujavrite
• Lugarite
• Luxullianite
• Melilitolite
• Melilitolite (wollastonite)
• Melteigite
• Monzonite
• Monzodiorite
• Naujaite
• Nepheline syenite
• Norra Kärr complex
Norra Kärr
Kaxtorpite
Lakarpite
Pulaskite

• Norite
• Olivine hornblendite
• Oka complex
Oka complex
Niocalite carbonatite
Monticellite carbonatite

• Olivine gabbro
• Orthopyroxenite
• Pegmatite
• Pegmatite (cancrinite)
• Pegmatite (nepheline)
• Peralkaline granite
• Peridotites
Peridotites
Dunite
Wherlite
Harzburgite
Garnet lherzolite
Spinel lherzolite

• Pyroxenite
• Pulaskite
• Quartz-gabbro
• Rhum layerded complex
• Serpentinized lherzolite
• Syenite
• Synnyrite
• Syenogranite
• Sodalite syenite
• Tonalite
• Troctolite
• Urtite

Graphic Texture

A graphic texture is an igneous rock texture in which an intergrowth of two minerals has the appearance of runic writing.
Rocks containing abundant graphic textures can be described as granophyric. Graphic textures are most commonly intergrowths of quartz and alkali feldspar in which the quartz appears as v-shaped inclusions enclosed by the feldspar. A micrographic texture is a graphic intergrowth than can only be observed under the microscope. Graphic textures have been suggested to originate by simultaneous crystallisation of phases from a silicate melt in the presence of a hydrous fluid phase.

Graphic granite. Star Beach Granite, Brazil. Image from James St. John

Graphic granite. Amazon Gold Granite, Brazil. Image from James St. John

Graphic granite. Image from James St. John

Bibliography

• Cox et al. (1979): The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks, George Allen and Unwin, London.
• Howie, R. A., Zussman, J., & Deer, W. (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals (p. 696). Longman.
• Le Maitre, R. W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., Le Bas, M. J., Bonin, B., Bateman, P., & Lameyre, J. (2002). Igneous rocks. A classification and glossary of terms, 2. Cambridge University Press.
• Middlemost, E. A. (1986). Magmas and magmatic rocks: an introduction to igneous petrology.
• Shelley, D. (1993). Igneous and metamorphic rocks under the microscope: classification, textures, microstructures and mineral preferred-orientations.
• Vernon, R. H. & Clarke, G. L. (2008): Principles of Metamorphic Petrology. Cambridge University Press.

Photo

Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase (you can see the difference in relief between quartz and orthoclase). PPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. Gavorrano granite (tuscany, Italy). XPL image. 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in orthoclase. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Graphic intergrowths of quartz in microcline. XPL image. 2x (Field of view = 7mm)