Fundamental Minerals

Sialic Minerals

• Feldspars
Feldspars minerals
Alkali Feldspars
Plagioclase

• Feldspathoids
Feldspathoids
Cancrinite
Haüyne
Leucite
Nepheline
Sodalite

• Quartz

Femic Minerals

• Amphiboles
• Biotite
• Sagenitic biotite
• Kaersutite
• Olivine
• Pyroxenes
Structure/classification
Clinopyroxene

• Spodumene

Accessory Minerals

• Apatite
• Chromite
• Ilmenite
• Magnetite
• Zircon

Rare Accessory

• Allanite
• Andalusite
• Astrophyllite
• Beryl
• Calcite
• Cancrinite
• Catapleiite
• Cordierite
• Diaspore
• Eudialyte
• Fluorite
• Garnets
• Lazulite
• Lamprophyllite
• Lorenzenite
• Monticellite
• Muscovite
• Natrolite
• Naujakasite
• Niocalite
• Perovskite
• Polylithionite
• Rosenbuschite
• Rutile
• Scapolite
• Sørensenite
• Titanite
• Topaz
• Tourmaline
• Tugtupite
• Ussingite
• Wollastonite
• Xenotime
• Zinnwaldite

Alteration Products

• Chlorite
• Saussurite
• Sericite
• Uralite
• Wairakite

Microstructures

• Antiperthite
• Exsolution lamellae
• Graphic texture
• Granophyric texture
• Magmatic flow
• Myrmekite
• Pleochroic halo
• Poikilitic texture
• Perthite
• Pseudoleucite
• Zoning

Rocks

• Alkali feldspar granite
• Alkali feldspar syenite
• Alnö complex
Alnö complex
Alnöite
Sövite

• Anorthosite
• Brandberg granites
• Borolanite
• Carbonatites
Carbonatites
Alnö (Sweden)
Fogo (C. Verde)
Sao Vicente (C. Verde)
Oka (Canada)
Sokli (Finland)
Valentine (Canada)

• Cumberlandite
• Cumulate rocks
Cumulate
Adcumulate
Orthocumulate

• Diorite
• Dunite (Dun)
• Ekerite
• Eurite
• Finero harzburgite
• Foidolite (leucite)
• Foidolite (nepheline)
• Foidolite (haüyne)
• Foyaite
• Gabbro
• Gabbro "eufodite"
• Gabbro with augite
• Gabbronorite
• Granite
• Granophyre
• Greisen
• Hornblendite
• Hornblendite (cpx-hbl)
• Hornblende gabbro
• Hornblende gabbro (Adamello)
• Ijolite
• Ijolite (Magnet Cove)
• Ilimaussaq magmatic complex
Ilimaussaq
Black kakortokite
Red kakortokite
White kakortokite
Lujavrite
Naujakasite lujavrite
Naujaite
Tugtupite syenite

• Jacupiranga complex
Jacupiranga
Sövite

• Jacupirangite (Alnö)
• Jotunite
• Italite
• Kakortokite
• Kaxtorpite
• Kentallenite
• Lakarpite
• Larvik
Larvik complex
Ekerite
Larvikite

• Lherzolite (TL)
• Leucogranite
• Lujavrite
• Lugarite
• Luxullianite
• Melilitolite
• Melilitolite (wollastonite)
• Melteigite
• Monzonite
• Monzodiorite
• Naujaite
• Nepheline syenite
• Norra Kärr complex
Norra Kärr
Kaxtorpite
Lakarpite
Pulaskite

• Norite
• Olivine hornblendite
• Oka complex
Oka complex
Niocalite carbonatite
Monticellite carbonatite

• Olivine gabbro
• Orthopyroxenite
• Pegmatite
• Pegmatite (cancrinite)
• Pegmatite (nepheline)
• Peralkaline granite
• Peridotites
Peridotites
Dunite
Wherlite
Harzburgite
Garnet lherzolite
Spinel lherzolite

• Pyroxenite
• Pulaskite
• Quartz-gabbro
• Rhum layerded complex
• Serpentinized lherzolite
• Syenite
• Synnyrite
• Syenogranite
• Sodalite syenite
• Tonalite
• Troctolite
• Urtite

Foidolite with nepheline (Ijolite)

Foidolites are coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock with a feldspathoid mineral content greater than 60%. On the APF diagram, these rocks plot in the corner closest to F. The term "foidolite" is too general and, wherever possible, should be replaced with a name that clarifies which of the feldspathoid minerals is predominant and whether other minerals are present in any significant amount. For example, nephelinolites are foidolites comprising mostly nepheline; they can be further categorized as melteigite, ijolite or urtite depending on the relative proportion of dark-colored minerals (most of all, clinopyroxene and biotite) in their composition. The volcanic equivalents are termed foidite and phonolitic or tephritic foidites. According to the mineralogy can be divided into:

- Ferusite (for Fergus, Montana, USA): A variety of foidolite containing essential clinopyroxene and 30-70% modal leucite (typically replaced by a mixture of nepheline, alkali feldspar, kalsilite and analcime).
- Ijolite (For Iijoki, northern Finland.): A variety of foidolite containing essential clinopyroxene (diopside, aegirine-augite or aegirine) and 30-70% modal nepheline.
- Italite (For Italy): A variety of foidolite in which leucite is the predominant feldspathoid mineral and ferromagnesian silicates comprise 30 modal % or less of the rock.
- Melilitite (for Melteig, Norway) A collective name for extrusive and shallow intrusive rocks containing > 10% modal melilite.
- Missourite (For Missouri, USA) A variety of foidolite containing essential clinopyroxene and 10-30% modal leucite; olivine is also commonly present.
- Tawite (for Tavajok, Lovozero Mts., Kola P-la, northwestern Russia) A variety of foidolite in which sodalite is the predominant feldspathoid mineral.
- Urtite (for For Lujavr Urt, (Lovozero Mts.), Kola P-la, northwestern Russia) A variety of foidolite containing > 70% modal nepheline; clinopyroxene, apatite, titanite, magnetite and perovskite are commonly present in subordinate amounts.

Bibliography

• Cox et al. (1979): The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks, George Allen and Unwin, London.
• Howie, R. A., Zussman, J., & Deer, W. (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals (p. 696). Longman.
• Le Maitre, R. W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., Le Bas, M. J., Bonin, B., Bateman, P., & Lameyre, J. (2002). Igneous rocks. A classification and glossary of terms, 2. Cambridge University Press.
• Middlemost, E. A. (1986). Magmas and magmatic rocks: an introduction to igneous petrology.
• Shelley, D. (1993). Igneous and metamorphic rocks under the microscope: classification, textures, microstructures and mineral preferred-orientations.
• Vernon, R. H. & Clarke, G. L. (2008): Principles of Metamorphic Petrology. Cambridge University Press.

Photo

Augite (pink), nepheline (colorless) and apatite (elongated, colorless crystals). Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Augite and nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Augite (pink) and nepheline (colorless). Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Augite and nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Augite and nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Augite and nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Augite and nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Augite (pink) and nepheline (colorless). Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Augite (pink) and nepheline (colorless). Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Augite (pink) and nepheline (colorless). Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Augite and nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Augite and nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Augite and nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Augite (pink) and nepheline (colorless). Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Augite (pink) and nepheline (colorless). Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Basal sections of apatite and augite crystals. Cape Verde. PPL image, 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Nepheline with apatite inclusions (colorless and high relief). Cape Verde. PPL image, 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Nepheline (grey). Cape Verde. XPL image, 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Nepheline (grey) and titanite. Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline and pyroxene crystals. Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline and pyroxene crystals. Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Nepheline and pyroxene crystals. Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. XPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Nepheline. Cape Verde. XPL image, 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. PPL image, 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. XPL image, 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Nepheline, pyroxene and titanite crystals. Cape Verde. XPL image, 10x (Field of view = 2mm)