Tephrite
Vulture's tephrites and phonolitic tephrites consist of complexly zoned clinopyroxene, hauyne, and leucite phenocrysts with some plagioclase, amphibole and biotite, set in a groundmass of plagioclase, anorthoclase, clinopyroxene, feldspathoids and accessory apatite.Bibliography
• De Fino, M., La Volpe, L., Peccerillo, A., Piccarreta, G., & Poli, G. (1986). Petrogenesis of Monte Vulture volcano (Italy): inferences from mineral chemistry, major and trace element data. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 92(2), 135-145.
• D'Orazio, Massimo, et al.(2007). "Carbonatites in a subduction system: the Pleistocene alvikites from Mt. Vulture (southern Italy)." Lithos 98.1: 313-334.
• Jones, A. P., Kostoula, T., Stoppa, F., & Woolley, A. R. (2000). Petrography and mineral chemistry of mantle xenoliths in a carbonate-rich melilititic tuff from Mt. Vulture volcano, southern Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 64(4), 593-613.
• Beccaluva, L., Coltorti, M., Di Girolamo, P., Melluso, L., Milani, L., Morra, V., & Siena, F. (2002). Petrogenesis and evolution of Mt. Vulture alkaline volcanism (Southern Italy). Mineralogy and Petrology, 74(2-4), 277-297.
• Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.