Fundamental Minerals

Sialic Minerals

• Feldspars
Feldspars minerals
Alkali Feldspars
Plagioclase

• Feldspathoids
Feldspathoids
Cancrinite
Haüyne
Leucite
Nepheline
Sodalite

• Quartz

Femic Minerals

• Amphiboles
• Biotite
• Sagenitic biotite
• Kaersutite
• Olivine
• Pyroxenes
Structure/classification
Clinopyroxene

• Spodumene

Accessory Minerals

• Apatite
• Chromite
• Ilmenite
• Magnetite
• Zircon

Rare Accessory

• Allanite
• Andalusite
• Astrophyllite
• Beryl
• Calcite
• Cancrinite
• Catapleiite
• Cordierite
• Diaspore
• Eudialyte
• Fluorite
• Garnets
• Lazulite
• Lamprophyllite
• Lorenzenite
• Monticellite
• Muscovite
• Natrolite
• Naujakasite
• Niocalite
• Perovskite
• Polylithionite
• Rosenbuschite
• Rutile
• Scapolite
• Sørensenite
• Titanite
• Topaz
• Tourmaline
• Tugtupite
• Ussingite
• Wollastonite
• Xenotime
• Zinnwaldite

Alteration Products

• Chlorite
• Saussurite
• Sericite
• Uralite
• Wairakite

Microstructures

• Antiperthite
• Exsolution lamellae
• Graphic texture
• Granophyric texture
• Magmatic flow
• Myrmekite
• Pleochroic halo
• Poikilitic texture
• Perthite
• Pseudoleucite
• Zoning

Rocks

• Alkali feldspar granite
• Alkali feldspar syenite
• Alnö complex
Alnö complex
Alnöite
Sövite

• Anorthosite
• Brandberg granites
• Borolanite
• Carbonatites
Carbonatites
Alnö (Sweden)
Fogo (C. Verde)
Sao Vicente (C. Verde)
Oka (Canada)
Sokli (Finland)
Valentine (Canada)

• Cumberlandite
• Cumulate rocks
Cumulate
Adcumulate
Orthocumulate

• Diorite
• Dunite (Dun)
• Ekerite
• Eurite
• Finero harzburgite
• Foidolite (leucite)
• Foidolite (nepheline)
• Foidolite (haüyne)
• Foyaite
• Gabbro
• Gabbro "eufodite"
• Gabbro with augite
• Gabbronorite
• Granite
• Granophyre
• Greisen
• Hornblendite
• Hornblendite (cpx-hbl)
• Hornblende gabbro
• Hornblende gabbro (Adamello)
• Ijolite
• Ijolite (Magnet Cove)
• Ilimaussaq magmatic complex
Ilimaussaq
Black kakortokite
Red kakortokite
White kakortokite
Lujavrite
Naujakasite lujavrite
Naujaite
Tugtupite syenite

• Jacupiranga complex
Jacupiranga
Sövite

• Jacupirangite (Alnö)
• Jotunite
• Italite
• Kakortokite
• Kaxtorpite
• Kentallenite
• Lakarpite
• Larvik
Larvik complex
Ekerite
Larvikite

• Lherzolite (TL)
• Leucogranite
• Lujavrite
• Lugarite
• Luxullianite
• Melilitolite
• Melilitolite (wollastonite)
• Melteigite
• Monzonite
• Monzodiorite
• Naujaite
• Nepheline syenite
• Norra Kärr complex
Norra Kärr
Kaxtorpite
Lakarpite
Pulaskite

• Norite
• Olivine hornblendite
• Oka complex
Oka complex
Niocalite carbonatite
Monticellite carbonatite

• Olivine gabbro
• Orthopyroxenite
• Pegmatite
• Pegmatite (cancrinite)
• Pegmatite (nepheline)
• Peralkaline granite
• Peridotites
Peridotites
Dunite
Wherlite
Harzburgite
Garnet lherzolite
Spinel lherzolite

• Pyroxenite
• Pulaskite
• Quartz-gabbro
• Rhum layerded complex
• Serpentinized lherzolite
• Syenite
• Synnyrite
• Syenogranite
• Sodalite syenite
• Tonalite
• Troctolite
• Urtite

Melilitolite

Melilitolite: An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting essentially of melilite, pyroxene and olivine.

The melilitolites are classified according to their mineral content. Those with melilite < feldspathoid and with feldspathoid > 10% are classified as melilite foidolites. In a recent paper on the classification of melilitic rocks, Dunworth & Bell (1998) suggested that melilitolites with melilite > 65% be termed ultramelilitolites. Besides melilite, other principal mineral components include perovskite, olivine, hauyne, nepheline and pyroxene. If these minerals comprise > 10% of the rock and melilite is < 65% then the following names may be used:

1) if perovskite > 10% then it is an afrikandite.
2) if olivine > 10% then it is a kugdite.
3) if hauyne > 10% and melitite > hauyne then it is an okaite.
4) if nepheline > 10% and melitite > nepheline then it is a turjaite.
5) if pyroxene > 10% then it is an uncompahgrite.

If a third mineral is present in amounts greater than 10% then it can be applied as a modifier, e.g. magnetite-pyroxene Melilitolite.

Melilitolite classification.

San Venanzo melilitolites

The calcite-leucite-melilitolite of Pian di Celle (San Venanzo) has been famous for over a century, and was previously called pegmatoid venanzite (Gallo et al., 1984). It contains tabular melilite up to 5 cm long, nepheline intergrowths associated with coarse-grained, intergranular, twinned leucite, nepheline and kalsilite as essential minerals. The interstices between these phases are filled with a fine-grained groundmass composed of Apatite, F-phlogopite, clinopyroxene, Zr-cuspidine, gotzenite, khibinskite, pyrrhotite, Co-Ni-westerveldite, bartonite, wollastonite and brown or green glass. Olivine and monticellite also occur. The interstitial material commonly contains carbonate ocelli with high Sr, B a and REE (Stoppa and Woolley, 1997).

Panoramic view of coarse-grained pegmatitic Venanzinte thin section. Image by Andy Tindle (Virtual Microscope). PPL image, field of view = 2.5cm.

Panoramic view of coarse-grained pegmatitic Venanzinte thin section. Image by Andy Tindle (Virtual Microscope). XPL image, field of view = 2.5cm.

Contact between coarse-grained pegmatitic venanzinte (melilitolite) and venanzite aphanitic lava at Pian di Celle lava flow, San Venanzo, Italy.

Contact between coarse-grained pegmatitic venanzinte (melilitolite) and venanzite aphanitic lava at Pian di Celle lava flow, San Venanzo, Italy.

Coarse-grained pegmatitic venanzinte (melilitolite) at Pian di Celle lava flow, San Venanzo, Italy.

For more information about the San Venanzo volcanic complex, see page: "San Venanzo"

Bibliography

• Stoppa, F., & Sforna, S. (1995). Geological map of the San Venanzo volcano (Central Italy): explanatory notes. Acta Vulcanologica, 7(1), 85-91.
• Stoppa, F. (1996). The San Venanzo maar and tuff ring, Umbria, Italy: eruptive behaviour of a carbonatite-melilitite volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57(7), 563-577.
• Stoppa, F., & Cundari, A. (1998). Origin and multiple crystallization of the kamafugite-carbonatite association: The San Venanzo-Pian di Celle occurrence (Umbria, Italy). Mineralogical Magazine, 62(2), 273-289.
• Peccerillo.A (2005): Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy.

Foto

Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Phlogopite, Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (beige), Leucite and olivine (colorless) and Phlogopite (brown) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). PPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Phlogopite, Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (beige), Leucite and olivine (colorless) and Phlogopite (brown) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). PPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (beige), Leucite and olivine (colorless) and Phlogopite (brown) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). PPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Phlogopite, Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (beige), Leucite and olivine (colorless) and Phlogopite (brown) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). PPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (beige), Leucite and olivine (colorless), pyroxene (green) and Phlogopite (brown) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). PPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned), pyroxene and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark) and Kalsilite (gray). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark) and Kalsilite (gray). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) and Leucite (dark). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) and Leucite (dark). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) and Leucite (dark). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and Phlogopite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and Phlogopite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (beige), Leucite and olivine (colorless), pyroxene (green) and Phlogopite (brown) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). PPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned), pyroxene and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned), pyroxene and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, violet-yellow and berlin blue colors) and Leucite (dark and twinned) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned) and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Leucite (dark and twinned), Phlogopite, and olivine in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) and Phlogopite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) and Leucite (dark and twinned) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Phlogopite, Kalsilite (gray) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) and Phlogopite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Phlogopite, Kalsilite (gray) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (beige) and Phlogopite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). PPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) and Leucite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) and Leucite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Melilite (beige) and Phlogopite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors) in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Melilite (beige), Magnetite and Phlogopite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). PPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Melilite (beige-white), Magnetite, green pyroxene and Phlogopite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). PPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (beige-white), Magnetite, green pyroxene and Phlogopite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). PPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite, Magnetite, pyroxene and Phlogopite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Phlogopite and Leucite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Olivine, Phlogopite and Leucite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)	Melilite (with anomalous, berlin blue colors), Phlogopite and Calcite in a Melilitite, San Venanzo (Umbria, Italy). XPL image , 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
Pyroxene and Kalsilite (gray). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Pyroxene and Kalsilite (colorless, rectangular crystals). PPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Pyroxene and Kalsilite (gray). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Phlogopite and Kalsilite (gray). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Phlogopite and Kalsilite (gray). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Pyroxene and Kalsilite (gray). XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Leucite, Phlogopite and Kalsilite (gray) and Calcite. XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Phlogopite and Calcite. XPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Green glass between Phlogopite crystals. PPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Green glass between Phlogopite crystals. The small, fibrous colorless crystals are Cuspidine. PPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Green glass between Phlogopite and Kalsilite (square) crystals. The small, fibrous colorless crystals are Cuspidine. PPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)	Green glass between Phlogopite crystals. The small, fibrous colorless crystals are Cuspidine. PPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)
Green glass between Phlogopite and Kalsilite (square) crystals. The small, fibrous colorless crystals are Cuspidine. PPL image , 10x (Field of view = 2mm)